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1.
Chinese Journal of Surgery ; (12): 214-219, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970183

ABSTRACT

Objective: To examine the early effect of thoracoscopic trans-mitral myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with left midventricular obstruction. Methods: From April 2020 to July 2021, 10 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with left midventricular obstruction underwent thoracoscopic trans-mitral myectomy at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital. The whole group of patients consisted of 7 males and 3 females aged (52.0±16.4) years (range: 18 to 68 years). The EuroSCORE Ⅱ predicted mortality rate was 1.78% (1.20%) (M(IQR)) (range: 0.96% to 4.86%). The clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical efficacy by comparing preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic parameters using paired t-test, paired Wilcoxon test or Fisher exact test, including left ventricular outflow tract peak pressure gradient, maximum interventricular septum thickness, systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet and so on. The safety was determined by summarizing the incidence of perioperative and follow-up complications. Results: All the procedures successed with no conversion to median sternotomy, septal defect, ventricular rupture. There was no in-hospital 30-day death, neither serious complications like permanent pacemaker implantation, re-sternotomy for bleeding, low cardiac output syndrome, stroke, or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The left ventricular outflow tract obstruction was effectively relieved in all patients expect a patient developed residual obstruction. Compared with that of pre-operation, the thickness of the interventricular septum was significantly reduced from (22.1±4.0) mm to (10.3±1.7) mm (t=10.693, P<0.01), while the left ventricular outflow tract peak pressure gradient was significantly reduced from (81.7±21.1) mmHg to 12.3 (11.5) mmHg (Z=-2.805, P<0.01) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Conclusion: Thoracoscopic trans-mitral myectomy is an effective and safe procedure for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with left midventricular obstruction.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Echocardiography , Treatment Outcome , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Ventricular Septum
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 118(1): 77-87, jan. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360119

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) e a hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE) secundária à hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) podem estar associadas a anormalidades funcionais do átrio esquerdo (AE). Objetivos Caracterizar a mecânica do AE na CMH e na HAS e avaliar qualquer correlação com a extensão da fibrose ventricular esquerda medida por ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) em pacientes com CMH. Métodos A função longitudinal do AE derivada do ecocardiograma bidimensional com speckle tracking foi adquirida a partir de cortes apicais de 60 pacientes com CMH e 34 indivíduos controles, pareados por idade. Pacientes com CMH também foram submetidos à RMC, com medida da extensão do realce tardio por gadolínio. A associação com parâmetros de strain do AE foi analisada. Valores p < 0,05 foram definidos como estatisticamente significativos. Resultados A média da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo não foi diferente entre os grupos. A razão E/e' estava comprometida no grupo CMH e preservada no grupo controle. A mecânica do AE estava significativamente reduzida na CMH em comparação aos pacientes com HAS. O strain rate do AE nas fases de reservatório (SRrAE) e na fase contrátil (SRctAE) foram os melhores parâmetros de discriminação de CMH com uma área sob a curva (AUC) de 0,8, seguido do strain do AE na fase de reservatório (SrAE) (AUC 0,76). O SRrAE e o SRctAE apresentaram elevada especificidade (89% e 91%, respectivamente), e o SrAE apresentou sensibilidade de 80%. Um decréscimo de 2,79% no strain rate do AE na fase de condução (SRcdAE) foi preditor de um aumento de 1 cm na extensão do RT pelo gadolínio (r2=0,42, β 2,79, p=0,027). Conclusões O SRrAE e o SRctAE foram os melhores fatores de discriminação de HVE secundária à CMH. O SRcdAE foi preditor do grau de fibrose ventricular esquerda avaliada por RMC. Esses achados sugerem que a mecânica do AE pode ser um potencial preditor de gravidade de doença na CMH.


Abstract Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) secondary to systemic hypertension (HTN) may be associated with left atrial (LA) functional abnormalities. Objectives We aimed to characterize LA mechanics in HCM and HTN and determine any correlation with the extent of left ventricular (LV) fibrosis measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in HCM patients. Methods Two-dimensional speckle tracking-derived longitudinal LA function was acquired from apical views in 60 HCM patients, 60 HTN patients, and 34 age-matched controls. HCM patients also underwent CMR, with measurement of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) extension. Association with LA strain parameters was analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results Mean LV ejection fraction was not different between the groups. The E/e' ratio was impaired in the HCM group and preserved in the control group. LA mechanics was significantly reduced in HCM, compared to the HTN group. LA strain rate in reservoir (LASRr) and in contractile (LASRct) phases were the best discriminators of HCM, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8, followed by LA strain in reservoir phase (LASr) (AUC 0.76). LASRr and LASR-ct had high specificity (89% and 91%, respectively) and LASr had sensitivity of 80%. A decrease in 2.79% of LA strain rate in conduit phase (LASRcd) predicted an increase of 1cm in LGE extension (r2=0.42, β 2.79, p=0.027). Conclusions LASRr and LASRct were the best discriminators for LVH secondary to HCM. LASRcd predicted the degree of LV fibrosis assessed by CMR. These findings suggest that LA mechanics is a potential predictor of disease severity in HCM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Contrast Media , Fibrosis , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Gadolinium
3.
In. Soeiro, Alexandre de Matos; Leal, Tatiana de Carvalho Andreucci Torres; Accorsi, Tarso Augusto Duenhas; Gualandro, Danielle Menosi; Oliveira Junior, Múcio Tavares de; Caramelli, Bruno; Kalil Filho, Roberto. Manual da residência em cardiologia / Manual residence in cardiology. Santana de Parnaíba, Manole, 2 ed; 2022. p.342-347, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1352400
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 40(3): 234-238, dic. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388100

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 54 años que consulta por angina de esfuerzo de 2 años de evolución en quien se identifica una dilatación ectásica del árbol coronario con lesiones ateroscleróticas críticas y miocardiopatía hipertrófica septal obstructiva. Una revisión bibliográfica revela que es una asociación infrecuente de la cual solo existen reportes de casos aislados.


Abstract We present the case of a 54-year-old patient who presented with a history of 2 years with angina. Invasive studies revealed critical coronary artery stenosis coexisting with obstructive hypertrophic miopathy. This is a rare association with only isolated case reports.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Atherosclerosis/complications , Atherosclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/surgery , Echocardiography, Doppler , Dilatation, Pathologic , Atherosclerosis/surgery , Computed Tomography Angiography
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(3): 472-475, mar. 2021. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389462

ABSTRACT

We report a 51-year-old asymptomatic male, with type II diabetes, referred to our outpatient clinic due to ST and T alterations on the precordial leads on the electrocardiogram. The echocardiogram showed apical akinesia and left ventricular hypertrophy. There were no angiographic lesions in the coronary angiography. In the left ventriculography, a hyperdynamic left ventricle with suspected left ventricular hypertrophy and an apical aneurysm were found. The cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed those findings, without late gadolinium enhancement. According to the European Cardiology Society Risk Score, the patient had a low sudden death risk. However, this score does not consider the presence of an aneurysm as risk factor for sudden death, but it is considered in the 2017 ACC/AHA Heart Rhythm Society Guidelines, as a major risk factor. Therefore a defibrillator was implanted, and he was discharged on permanent oral anticoagulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Heart Aneurysm/complications , Heart Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Angiography , Contrast Media
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 115(2): 197-204, ago., 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1131297

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento A estratificação de risco para morte súbita (MS) na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) baseia-se em algoritmos distintos propostos pela diretriz norte-americana, ACCF/AHA 2011 e europeia, ESC 2014. Objetivo Analisar o modelo ESC 2014 na determinação do risco de MS e indicação de cardiodesfibrilador implantável (CDI) em prevenção primária na CMH por meio de confrontação com a normativa norte-americana. Métodos Foi avaliada uma coorte de pacientes com CMH, calculado o escore ESC HCM-Risk-SCD e analisada a concordância dos critérios de indicação de CDI entre as duas diretrizes pelo coeficiente de Kappa. O nível de significância adotado nas análises estatísticas foi de 5%. Resultados Em 90 pacientes consecutivos, seguidos por 6±3 anos, o escore calculado foi de 3,2±2,5%. Os preditores que mais contribuíram para o cálculo nas faixas de baixo (1,88% [1,42-2,67]), médio (5,17% [4,89-5,70]) e alto risco (7,82% [7,06-9,19]) foram espessura parietal máxima do ventrículo esquerdo (1,60% [1,25-2,02] ; 3,20% [3,18-3,36] ; 4,46% [4,07-5,09]), diâmetro do átrio esquerdo (0,97% [0,83-1,21]; 1,86% [1,67-2,40]; 2,48% [2,21-3,51]) e idade (-0,91% [0,8-1,13]; -1,90% [1,12-2,03]; -2,34% [1,49-2,73]). O modelo europeu reduziu as recomendações de CDI em 32 (36%) pacientes. Entre os 43 (48%) em classe IIa pela ACCF/AHA , 8 (18%) migraram para IIb e 24 (56%) para III. Baixa concordância foi identificada entre as duas sistematizações, Kappa = 0,355, p = 0,0001. Dos 8 (9%) pacientes com MS ou choque apropriado, 4 (50%) atingiram indicação IIa pela ACCF/AHA , mas nenhum pela ESC . Conclusão Baixa concordância foi identificada entre as diretrizes analisadas. O novo modelo reduziu as indicações de CDI, notadamente em classe IIa, mas deixou desprotegida a totalidade de pacientes com MS ou choque apropriado. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):197-204)


Abstract Background Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is based on different algorithms proposed by the 2011 ACCF/AHA and 2014 ESC guidelines. Objective To analyze the 2014 ESC model for SCD risk stratification and primary prevention ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) in HCM in comparison to the North American guideline. Methods An HCM cohort was evaluated and the ESC HCM-Risk SCD score was calculated. Agreement of ICD recommendations criteria between the two guidelines was analyzed with Kappa coefficient. P<0.05 was adopted for the statistical analysis. Results In 90 consecutive patients followed for 6±3 years, the mean calculated ESC risk score was 3.2±2.5%. The risk predictors that have mainly contributed to the score calculation in the low (1.88% [1.42-2.67]), intermediate (5.17% [4.89-5.70]) and high-risk (7.82% [7.06-9.19]) categories were: maximal left ventricular wall thickness (1.60% [1.25-2.02]; 3.20% [3.18-3.36]; 4.46% [4.07-5.09]), left atrial diameter (0.97% [0.83-1.21]; 1.86% [1.67-2.40]; 2.48% [2.21-3.51]) and age (-0.91% [0.8-1.13]; -1.90% [1.12-2.03]; -2.34% [1.49-2.73]). The European model decreased the ICD recommendations in 32 (36%) patients. Among the 43 (48%) individuals with class IIa recommendation under the 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline, 8 (18%) were downgraded to class IIb and 24 (56%) to class III. Low agreement was found between the two systems: Kappa=0.355 and p=0.0001. In 8 (9%) patients with SCD or appropriate shock, 4 (50%) met class IIa indication with the 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline, but none achieved this class of recommendation with the 2014 ESC model. Conclusion Low agreement was found between the two strategies. The novel ESC model decreased the ICD recommendations, especially in those with class IIa recommendation, but left unprotected all patients with SCD or appropriate shock. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):197-204)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Defibrillators, Implantable , Primary Prevention , Risk Factors , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Risk Assessment
8.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 32(4): 303-308, out.-dez. 2019. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1023931

ABSTRACT

A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica é uma doença de origem genética, que afeta milhares de pessoas em todo o mundo.Objetivos: Avaliar a presença de regurgitação mitral em pacientes com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, bem como sua relação com variáveis ecodopplercardiográficas do ventrículo esquerdo. A disfunção de valva mitral encontradas nesses pacientes mostra-se um dado de extrema relevância, visto que é capaz de predizer a sobrevida e a taxa de mortalidade dos enfermos acometidos pela cardiomiopatia hipertrófica.Métodos: Foram avaliados todos os ecocardiogramas realizados no período de 2006 a 2016 no serviço de ecocardiografia do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, sendo o total de 112.930 exames. Foram selecionados aqueles com diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica ou espessura parietal > 15 mm, e incluídos na análise 132 pacientes.Resultados: Regurgitação valvar mitral de grau moderado e importante esteve presente em 25% e 5,3% dos pacientes, respectivamente, sendo que a regurgitação mitral esteve independentemente correlacionada com a forma obstrutiva de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica.Conclusão: A regurgitação mitral é achado frequente em pacientes com cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, no entanto, a insuficiência mitral importante é extremamente incomum e está correlacionada com a forma obstrutiva da doença


Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease that affects thousands of people around the world.Objectives:The present study aims to evaluate the presence of mitral regurgitation in patients with HCM, as well as its relationship with left ventricular Doppler echocardiographic variables. The mitral valve failure found in these patients is an extremely important finding, since it is able to predict the survival and mortality rate of the patients affected by HCM.Materials and Methods: All echocardiograms performed from 2006 to 2016 in the echocardiographic service of Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto were evaluated. A total of 112,930 tests were gathered, of which those with HCM diagnosis or wall thickness >15 mm were selected and 132 patients were included in the analysis.Results: Moderate and major mitral valve regurgitation is present in 25% and 5.3% of the patients, respectively, and MRI is independently correlated with the obstructive form of HCM.Conclusion: Mitral regurgitation is a frequent finding in patients with CMP, however, significant MI is extremely uncommon and is correlated with the obstructive form of the disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics , Echocardiography/methods , Mitral Valve Insufficiency , Stroke Volume , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Retrospective Studies , Heart Ventricles , Hypertension , Mitral Valve
9.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 112(4): 432-438, Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001287

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The analysis of risk factors for predicting related complications has not been reported to date. Objective: This study aims to investigate the risk factors of related complications of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) retrospectively. Method: Clinical data, and one-year follow-up results of patients with HOCM, who underwent PTSMA between January 2000 and July 2013 in the Department of Cardiology, Liaoning Province People's Hospital, Liaoning Province, China, were retrospectively analyzed to determine risk factors for operative complications with multiple logistic regression analysis. All p values are two-sided, with values of p < 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results: Among 319 patients with HOCM, PTSMA was performed in 224 patients (120 males and 104 females, mean age was 48.20 ± 14.34 years old). The incidence of PTSMA procedure-related complications was 36.23% (66/224), which included three cardiac deaths, two cardiac shocks, one ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction, two ventricular fibrillations, 20 third-degree atrioventricular (AV) blocks (four patients were implanted with a permanent pacemaker (PPM)), 32 complete right bundle branch blocks, two complete left bundle branch blocks, and four puncture-related complications. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that age, gender, coronary artery diseases, diabetes, heart rate, cardiac function on admission, the number of septal ablations, and the volume of alcohol were not independent risk factors correlated to the whole complications, except for hypertension (OR: 4.856; 95% CI: 1.732-13.609). Early experience appears to be associated with the occurrence of complications. Conclusion: Hypertension was an independent risk factor for PTSMA procedure-related complications. It might be much safer and more efficient if PTSMA procedures are restricted to experienced centers, according to the analysis results for the learning curve.


Resumo Fundamento: A análise dos fatores de risco para previsão de complicações relacionadas não foi relatada até o momento. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar retrospectivamente os fatores de risco de complicações relacionadas da ablação miocárdica septal transluminal percutânea (PTSMA) para cardiomiopatia hipertrófica obstrutiva (CMHO). Método: Dados clínicos e resultados de acompanhamento de um ano de pacientes com CMHO submetidos a PTSMA entre janeiro de 2000 e julho de 2013 no Departamento de Cardiologia do Hospital Popular da Província de Liaoning, província de Liaoning, China, foram analisados retrospectivamente para determinar fatores de risco para complicações operatórias com análise de regressão logística múltipla. Todos os valores de p são bilaterais, com valores de p < 0,05 sendo considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: Entre os 319 pacientes com CMHO, a PTSMA foi realizada em 224 pacientes (120 homens e 104 mulheres, com idade média de 48,20 ± 14,34 anos). A incidência de complicações relacionadas ao procedimento PTSMA foi de 36,23% (66/224), incluindo três mortes cardíacas, dois choques cardíacos, um infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST, duas fibrilações ventriculares e 20 bloqueios atrioventriculares (AV) de terceiro grau (quatro pacientes receberam implantes de marca-passo permanente), 32 bloqueios completos de ramo direito, dois bloqueios completos de ramo esquerdo e quatro complicações relacionadas com a punção. Após análise de regressão logística multivariada, verificou-se que idade, sexo, doenças coronarianas, diabetes, frequência cardíaca, função cardíaca à admissão, número de ablações septais e volume de álcool não foram fatores de risco independentes correlacionados com as complicações totais, exceto para hipertensão (OR: 4,856; IC 95%: 1,732-13,609). A experiência principiante parece estar associada à ocorrência de complicações. Conclusão: A hipertensão arterial foi um fator de risco independente para complicações relacionadas com o procedimento de PTSMA. Pode ser muito mais seguro e eficiente se os procedimentos de PTSMA forem restritos a centros experientes, de acordo com os resultados da análise para a curva de aprendizado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/surgery , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/adverse effects , Catheter Ablation/adverse effects , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Logistic Models , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Catheter Ablation/methods , Statistics, Nonparametric , Risk Assessment , Echocardiography, Stress , Hypertension/etiology , Intraoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging
10.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 112(3): 281-289, Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989326

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with sudden death (SD). Myocardial fibrosis is reportedly correlated with SD. Objective: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, updating the risk markers (RMs) in HCM emphasizing myocardial fibrosis. Methods: We reviewed HCM studies that addressed severe arrhythmic outcomes and the certain RMs: SD family history, severe ventricular hypertrophy, unexplained syncope, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) on 24-hour Holter monitoring, abnormal blood pressure response to exercise (ABPRE), myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in the MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases. We used relative risks (RRs) as an effect measure and random models for the analysis. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Twenty-one studies were selected (14,901 patients aged 45 ± 16 years; men, 62.8%). Myocardial fibrosis was the major RISK MARKER (RR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.95-6.03). The other RMs, except for LVOTO, were also predictors: SD family history (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.39-2.20), severe ventricular hypertrophy (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.26-2.74), unexplained syncope (RR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.69-3.07), NSVT (RR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.29-3.41), and ABPRE (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.08). Conclusions: We confirmed the association of myocardial fibrosis and other RMs with severe arrhythmic outcomes in HCM and emphasize the need for new prediction models in managing these patients.


Resumo Fundamento: A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) está associada à morte súbita (MS). A fibrose miocárdica está supostamente correlacionada à MS. Objetivo: Realizamos uma revisão sistemática com metanálise, atualizando os marcadores de risco (MR) em CMH enfatizando a fibrose miocárdica. Métodos: Revisamos estudos de CMH que abordaram desfechos arrítmicos graves e certos MR: história familiar de MS, hipertrofia ventricular grave, síncope inexplicada, taquicardia ventricular não sustentada (TVNS) na monitorização com Holter de 24 horas, resposta anormal da pressão arterial ao exercício (ABPRE), fibrose miocárdica e obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (VSVE) nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO. Utilizamos os riscos relativos (RRs) como uma medida de efeito e modelos aleatórios para a análise. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p < 0,05. Resultados: Vinte e um estudos foram selecionados (14.901 pacientes com idade de 45 ± 16 anos; homens, 62,8%). A fibrose miocárdica foi o principal MARCADOR DE RISCO (RR, 3,43; IC95%, 1,95-6,03). Os outros MR, exceto obstrução da VSVE, também foram preditores: história familiar de MS (RR, 1,75; IC95%, 1,39-2,20), hipertrofia ventricular grave (RR, 1,86; IC95%, 1,26-2,74), síncope inexplicada (RR, 2,27; IC95%, 1,69-3,07), TVNS (RR, 2,79; IC95%, 2,29-3,41) e ABPRE (RR, 1,53; IC95%, 1,12-2,08). Conclusões: Confirmamos a associação de fibrose miocárdica e outros MR com desfechos arrítmicos graves na CMH e enfatizamos a necessidade de novos modelos de previsão no manejo desses pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications , Odds Ratio , Risk Factors , Observational Studies as Topic
12.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 32(1): 23-34, abr. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-903562

ABSTRACT

Introducción: ciertos hallazgos del electrocardiograma (ECG) de superficie sugieren el diagnóstico de miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) y se correlacionan directamente con su expresión fenotípica. Sin embargo, las modificaciones ECG han sido escasamente descritas en series locales y regionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los cambios ECG en la MCH, correlacionándolos con variables clínicas y estructurales. Método: se interpretaron los ECG en una cohorte de 26 pacientes con MCH septal asimétrica referidos a la policlínica especializada del Centro Cardiovascular Universitario del Uruguay. Todos los pacientes fueron estudiados con ecocardiograma Doppler y 13 de ellos, además, con resonancia nuclear magnética cardíaca (RNMC) para evaluar la presencia, extensión y distribución del realce tardío de gadolinio (RTG) como marcador de fibrosis intramiocárdica. La correlación de los hallazgos ECG con los síntomas, severidad de la hipertrofia y presencia y extensión de la fibrosis intramiocárdica se analizó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher o el test no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: el hallazgo de un ECG normal fue muy infrecuente en nuestra serie (8,0%). Las alteraciones ECG más comunes se observaron en la repolarización ventricular (76,9%) bajo forma de sobrecarga sistólica (42,3%) e inversión de la onda T (30,7%). Los signos de sobrecarga auricular izquierda (53,8%), hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (61,5%), fragmentación del QRS (46,2%) y ondas Q anormales (30,7%) fueron menos frecuentes. Los criterios de hipertrofia no se correlacionaron con los síntomas, el espesor parietal, la obstrucción al tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo ni la presencia de RTG en la RNMC. No encontramos asociación significativa entre la fragmentación del QRS o la presencia de ondas Q y el hallazgo de RTG en la RNMC. Aunque los pacientes con hipertrofia septal más severa presentaban extensas áreas de fibrosis, esta relación no alcanzó significación estadística. Conclusión: el trazado ECG es anormal en la gran mayoría (92,0%) de los pacientes con MCH septal asimétrica, y se caracteriza por alteraciones diversas, lo que confirma su utilidad como herramienta de tamizaje. Sin embargo, en nuestra serie los hallazgos ECG no se correlacionan con los síntomas, el espesor parietal ni la presencia de fibrosis intramiocárdica. La contribución diagnóstica de signos ECG combinados y su potencial valor pronóstico en diferentes variantes fenotípicas de MCH merecen ser evaluados en series locales más amplias.


Introduction: in many cases, surface ECG suggests the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and is directly related to phenotypic expression. However, ECG changes have been not fully described in regional and local case series. Our study was aimed to characterize the ECG abnormalities in patients with HCM, correlating these findings with clinical and structural variables. Method: ECG recordings were interpreted in a cohort of 26 subjects with asymmetric septal HCM. All patients were studied by echocardiogram, adding MRI in 13 cases to evaluate the presence, extension and distribution of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) as a marker of myocardial fibrosis. The correlation of ECG findings with symptoms, severity of hypertrophy and presence and extension of myocardial fibrosis was analyzed using Fisher's exact test or non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Results: the presence of a normal ECG was very infrequent in our sample (8,0%). The most common ECG abnormalities were observed in ventricular repolarization (76,9%) as systolic overload (42,3%) and T wave inversion (30,7%). ECG signs suggesting left atrium dilation (53,8%), left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) criteria (61,5%), QRS fragmentation (46,2%) and abnormal Q waves (30,7%) were less frequently found. LVH was not correlated with symptoms, wall thickness, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or presence of LGE. We found no significant relationship between LGE and fragmented QRS or abnormal Q waves. While patients with more severe septal hypertrophy exhibited large areas of LGE, this relationship did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: in our cohort, the ECG is abnormal in 92,0% of patients with asymmetric septal HCM and is characterized by various alterations, confirming its usefulness as a screening tool. However, the findings in the ECG did not correlate closely with symptoms, amount of hypertrophy or presence of myocardial fibrosis. Larger local series must evaluate diagnostic contribution of combined ECG findings and its potential prognostic value in different phenotypic variants of HCM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Electrocardiography/statistics & numerical data , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Fibrosis , Cohort Studies
13.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 31(4): 578-582, 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-827466

ABSTRACT

The Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) is a hereditary, autosomal dominant condition, with high penetrance and variable expressivity, resulting from mutations in the genes PTCH1, PTCH2, or SUFU. The diagnosis is based on the presence of 2 major criteria or a major criterion associated with 2 minor criteria, including multiple basal cell carcinomas, keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOT), and bifid rib. Other endocrine, neurological, ophthalmologic, genital, respiratory, and cardiovascular alterations are found in the literature, but with variable manifestations. This study reports the case of a patient diagnosed with GGS associated with diastolic congestive heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus, who underwent multiple treatments for components of the syndrome. More recently, the patient underwent decompression followed by cystic enucleation of two KOTs in the jaw, oral rehabilitation with removable prosthodontics, cardiological evaluation, and attempted clinical control of endocrine and cardiac problems.


A síndrome de Gorlin-Goltz (SGG) é uma condição hereditária, autossômica dominante, com alta penetrância e expressividade variável, decorrente de mutações nos genes PTCH1, PTCH2 ou SUFU. O diagnóstico é baseado na presença de dois critérios maiores ou um critério maior associado a dois critérios menores, dentre eles múltiplos carcinomas basocelulares, tumor odontogênico ceratocístico (TOC) e costela bífida. Outras alterações endócrinas, neurológicas, oftalmológicas, genitais, respiratórias e cardiovasculares são encontradas na literatura, porém com manifestações variáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de uma paciente sistematicamente diagnosticada com SGG associada à insuficiência cardíaca congestiva diastólica e diabetes mellitus 2 submetida a tratamentos seriados das respectivas manifestações sindrômicas. Mais recentemente, à descompressão cística seguida da enucleação de dois TOC em mandíbula, reabilitação oral com prótese total removível, avaliação cardiológica e tentativa de controle clínico das alterações endócrinas e cardíacas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , History, 21st Century , Pathology, Oral , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome , Megalencephaly , Hypertelorism , Mouth Rehabilitation , Pathology, Oral/methods , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/therapy , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/surgery , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/complications , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/therapy , Megalencephaly/surgery , Megalencephaly/pathology , Hypertelorism/surgery , Hypertelorism/complications , Hypertelorism/pathology , Mouth Rehabilitation/methods
15.
In. Atik, Edmar; Ramires, José Antônio Franchini; Kalil Filho, Roberto. Cardiopatias congênitas: guia prático de diagnóstico, tratamento e conduta geral. São Paulo, Atheneu, 1; 2014. p.397-403.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-736726
16.
RELAMPA, Rev. Lat.-Am. Marcapasso Arritm ; 26(3): 144-150, jul.-set. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-716123

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados tardios do uso de marcapasso (MP) em pacientes portadores de miocardiopatia hipertrófica obstrutiva (MHO), sintomáticos e refratários ao tratamento medicamentoso.MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 10 pacientes portadores de MHO, refratários ao tratamento com betabloqueador e/ou verapamil, submetidos a implante de MP de dupla-câmara (DDD). Os pacientes foram acompanhados por um período médio de 4,5 anos após o implante. Foram comparados os dados clínicos (classe funcional, presença de síncope ou tontura e dor precordial) e os gradientes de pressão máximos na via de saída do VE pelo ecocardiograma, no pré-implante, na consulta entre três e seis meses e na consulta atual. Os dados clínicos foram confirmados por teste ergométrico realizado na última avaliação clínica.RESULTADOS: Não houve mortalidade e sim melhora significativa (p=0,0233) da classe funcional após o implante, que persistiu até a última avaliação, bem como desaparecimento de dor precordial e tontura, estatisticamente significativo para tontura (p=0,0412). O gradiente máximo na via de saída do VE foi 90,6 mmHg no pré-implante, 19 com três e seis meses e 13 no exame atual (p=0,00001). Houve correlação entre a classe funcional avaliada clinicamente e pelo teste ergométrico.CONCLUSÃO: Ocorreu melhora significativa da classe funcional e desaparecimento dos sintomas de dor precordial e tontura, bem como redução significativa do gradiente na via de saída do VE, que persistiu no seguimento tardio, mostrando que o uso de MP DDD foi uma opção terapêutica segura e resolutiva em longo prazo na amostra estudada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Pacemaker, Artificial , Drug Therapy , Echocardiography , Verapamil/administration & dosage
17.
Clinics ; 68(7): 992-996, jul. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-680696

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea is common among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and may contribute to poor cardiovascular outcomes. However, obstructive sleep apnea is largely unrecognized in this population. We sought to identify the clinical predictors of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were recruited from a tertiary University Hospital and were evaluated using validated sleep questionnaires (Berlin and Epworth) and overnight portable monitoring. Ninety patients (males, 51%; age, 46±15 years; body mass index, 26.6±4.9 kg/m2) were included, and obstructive sleep apnea (respiratory disturbance index ≥15 events/h) was present in 37 patients (41%). RESULTS: Compared with the patients without obstructive sleep apnea, patients with obstructive sleep apnea were older and had higher body mass index, larger waist circumference, larger neck circumference, and higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth scale) was low and similar in the patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea, respectively. The only predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (using a logistic regression analysis) were age ≥45 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.46; 95% confidence interval [CI 95%], 1.47-13.54; p = 0.008) and the presence of atrial fibrillation [OR, 5.37; CI 95%, 1.43-20.12; p = 0.013]. CONCLUSION: Consistent clinical predictors of obstructive sleep apnea are lacking for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which suggests that objective sleep evaluations should be considered in this population, particularly among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference Values , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/etiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Time Factors
18.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 100(5): 452-459, maio 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-675604

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Na Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica (CMH), o grau de Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda (HVE) poderia influenciar o desenvolvimento de arritmias ventriculares. OBJETIVO: Analisar, na CMH, a associação entre a ocorrência de arritmias ventriculares no eletrocardiograma-Holter (ECG-Holter) e o grau de HVE determinado ao ecocardiograma pela espessura parietal máxima (EPM) e Índice de Massa (IM). MÉTODOS: Cinquenta e quatro pacientes consecutivos com CMH realizaram ECG-Holter de 24 horas e ecocardiograma para avaliação do grau de HVE através da EPM e IM. Foram estabelecidos dois níveis para a ocorrência de arritmias ventriculares: I - extrassístoles isoladas ou pareadas e II - Taquicardia Ventricular Não Sustentada (TVNS). RESULTADOS: Nos 13 pacientes (24%) com TVNS (nível II), houve maior frequência de EPM do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) > 21 mm (n = 10, 77%; 25 ± 4 mm) e IMVE > 144 g/m² (n = 10, 77%; 200 ± 30 g/m²), em relação àqueles que apresentavam apenas arritmia extrassistólica (nível I) (n = 41, 76%), em que essas medidas foram identificadas em, respectivamente, 37% (n = 15, 23 ± 1 mm), p = 0,023, e 39% (n = 16, 192 ± 53 g/m²) dos casos, p = 0,026. Os citados valores de corte foram determinados por curva ROC com intervalo de confiança de 95%. O registro de TVNS foi mais comum em pacientes com EPMVE > 21 mm e IMVE > 144 g/m² (8 de 13; 62%), do que naqueles com uma (4 de 13; 31%) ou nenhuma (1 de 13; 8%) variável ecocardiográfica acima dos valores de corte, p = 0,04. CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de arritmias ventriculares no Holter associou-se, na CMH, ao grau de HVE, avaliado pelo ecocardiograma através da respectiva EPM e IM.


BACKGROUND: In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) could influence the development of ventricular arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE: In HCM, analyze the association between the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias determined by Holter electrocardiogram (ECG-Holter) and the degree of LVH determined by maximum wall thickness (MWT) in echocardiography and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Fifty-four consecutive patients with HCM underwent 24-hour ECG-Holter and echocardiography for assessment of level of LVH through MWT and BMI. Two levels were established for the occurrence of Ventricular Arrhythmias: I - alone or paired extrasystoles and II - Non- Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (NSVT). RESULTS: In 13 patients (24%) with NSVT (level II), there was a higher frequency of MWT of the left ventricle (LV) > 21 mm (n = 10, 77%, 25 ± 4 mm) and LLLV = 144 g/m² (n = 10, 77%, 200 ± 30 g/m²), in comparison with those presenting with extrasystole arrhythmias (level I) (n = 41, 76%), in which these measures were identified in, respectively, 37 % (n= 15, 23 ± 1 mm), p = 0.023, and 39% (n = 16, 192 ± 53 g / m²) of the cases (p = 0.026). The cut-off values mentioned were determined by the ROC curve with a confidence interval of 95%. NSVT was more common in patients with MWTLV > 21 mm and LLLV > 144 g/m² (8 of 13, 62%) than in those with (4 of 13, 31%) or without (1 of 13; 8%) echocardiographic variables above cut-off values (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In HCM, occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias by Holter was associated with the degree of LVH assessed by echocardiography through MWT and BMI.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology , Ventricular Fibrillation/etiology , Body Mass Index , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Echocardiography/methods , Heart Ventricles , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , ROC Curve , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Ventricular Fibrillation
19.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 26(2): 138-141, mar.-abr. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-685725

ABSTRACT

A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é uma forma relativamente comum e complexa de doença cardíaca genética, sendo considerada a maior causa de morte súbita (MS) cardíaca em pessoas jovens, incluindo atletas, respondendo por 36% dos casos em jovens atletas nos Estados Unidos (EUA). O implante decardioversor-desfibrilador (CDI) tem demonstrado alta eficácia na prevenção desse evento. Para avaliação diagnóstica da CMH, o eletrocardiograma (ECG)representa ferramenta bastante útil, pois se encontra alterado em 75% a 95% dos casos clínicos. Após o implante do CDI, como demonstrado no caso relatado, são observadas variações no ECG que podem explicar a mudança benéfica na fisiopatologia obstrutiva da CMH.


Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a relatively common and complex genetic heart disease, rated as main cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people, including athletes, accounting for 36% of these cases in young athletes in the United States(USA). IDC implants have proved highly effective for preventing such events. For diagnostic evaluations of CMH, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a very useful tool, being altered in 75% to 95% of clinical cases. After an ICD implant, as demonstrated in this case report, variations in the ECG are noted that could explain the beneficial alteration in the pathophysiology of obstructive HCM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/mortality , Defibrillators, Implantable , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Heart Murmurs/complications , Heart Murmurs/diagnosis
20.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr. imagem cardiovasc ; 25(4): 302-306, out.-dez. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-653989

ABSTRACT

A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é uma doença genética cardíaca, caracterizada por hipertrofia ventricular esquerda. É assimétrica na maioria das vezes. O método diagnóstico considerado padrão para detecção de CMH é o ecocardiograma bidimensional. Os casos de CMH que passam despercebidos por esse método são poucos, e para eles há a necessidade de um outro exame de imagem que melhor visualize o tipo morfológico da doença apresentada: a ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC). Este relato descreve um paciente com alterações eletrocardiográficas de base e que foi diagnosticado com CMH apical unicamente pela RMC, sem apresentar anormalidade significativa à ecocardiografia convencional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrocardiography , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnosis , Risk Factors
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